Justin Trudeau led Canada for nine years, navigating crises like the pandemic and trade renegotiations with the US. As one of the few leaders to win three consecutive terms, his tenure was marked by his feminist stance and gender-parity cabinets.

The tensions escalated after Trudeau’s accusations that India was conducting covert operations on Canadian soil. In particular, the killing of pro-Khalistan leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar in June 2023, allegedly involving Indian agents,