Whenever we think about the history of the Somnath temple, the name of Mahmud Ghazni immediately comes to mind. For years, we have been told that his invasion of Somnath was a complete defeat for the ...

Kautilya’s foreign policy is deeply rooted in his Saptanga theory, which identifies the seven essential organs of a state. Among these, Durga (fort), Kosha (treasury), and Mitra (ally) play a crucial ...

Kautilya’s Saptanga Theory of State is based on the idea that a state functions as an organic entity composed of seven essential elements. The term Saptang means “seven limbs” or “constituents,” which ...

At midnight on August 15, 1947, India gained independence from British rule and was divided into two nations—India, with a Hindu majority, and Pakistan, with a Muslim majority. The partition was based ...

A deep understanding of Arthashastra by Kautilya is essential for studying ancient Indian political thought. One of Kautilya’s most influential concepts in statecraft is the Mandala Theory.

Islam was founded in the 7th century by Muhammad, an Arabian merchant from Mecca. At that time, Arabia was inhabited by warring Bedouin tribes following pagan faiths and worshipping multiple deities.