The first major test of Donald Trump’s influence on the affairs of a longtime U.S. ally went badly. The U.S. president’s attacks on Canadian sovereignty outraged voters while the trade war he launched threatened to upend the economy of a nation dependent on U.

Liberal Prime Minister Mark Carney, who replaced Justin Trudeau, will keep his post as Canadians signal their persistent defiance of the U.S. president’s rhetoric.

Justin Trudeau, Canada's prime minister and leader of the Liberal Party, was widely unpopular, and polls showed the Conservatives with what seemed like an insurmountable 25-point lead. Then U.S. voters went to the polls.